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What is spondylolysis & spondylolisthesis?
Spondylolysis is a stress injury in part of a vertebra, while spondylolisthesis is forward slippage of one vertebra. These findings are especially relevant in young athletes with extension-related back pain and require load management and medical coordination.
The same label can behave differently from one person to the next. The timing, location, type of symptoms, injury mechanism, and response to movement help distinguish a local tissue problem from referred pain, nerve involvement, or a pattern that should be evaluated elsewhere first.
What spondylolysis & spondylolisthesis can feel like
People do not need every sign below to fit this pattern. They are useful clues to discuss during an evaluation, especially when paired with what changes the symptom and what activity has become difficult.
- back pain with extension
- pain during gymnastics, football, or throwing
- hamstring tightness
- symptoms that rise with running or jumping
Common contributors and aggravators
A contributor is not always a single cause. Tissue capacity, recovery, the size of a recent load change, and the mechanics of the task can overlap. For spondylolysis & spondylolisthesis, the history commonly examines:
- 1repetitive spinal extension and rotation
- 2growth and high training volume
- 3bony stress injury
What we look at before planning care
An assessment begins with the story, then tests the findings that can change a decision. For this presentation, that usually means looking at the items below and comparing them with the demands of work, daily life, or sport.
Imaging can be useful when the history or examination indicates it, but a scan is not a substitute for matching the finding to symptoms, function, and the clinical screen.
Clinically reviewed
Reviewed by Dr. Tamara Lovelace, DC, DACBSP, ICCSP, Chiropractic Sports Doctor and clinic director, on August 25, 2026.
This page explains what we look at and what care can involve. It is not a diagnosis, and it cannot replace an examination. Bring the problem in and a provider will tell you what is going on.
